虚拟语气的用法

一、前提句中的虚拟语气

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1. 前提句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客不雅实际不相符或底子不成能存在的前提，本家儿句会发生的一种不成能获得的成果。前提句中的虚拟语气按照分歧的时候有三种分歧的形式。
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2. 前提句中的虚拟语气的举例
(1) 未来时的前提句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 若是他要上清华大学的话，他就会充实操纵他的时候了。

If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 若是他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
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(2) 此刻时的前提句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us. 如果他有空的话，它会帮忙我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 若是他在这所黉舍进修的话，它会对您很熟悉。

(3) 曩昔时的前提句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我若是看过这场片子，我会把片子内容告诉您了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 若是我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李师长教师。
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3. 运用前提句中的虚拟语气时，须注重的几个问题

(1) 当从句的本家儿语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用 was 取代 were。但在倒装虚拟布局及 if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如：
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 如果我还年青十岁的话，我会去国外进修。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 如果我是您的话，我要极力抓住此次机遇。
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(2) 有时，虚拟前提句中，本家儿、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别看待。
①从句的动作与曩昔事实相反，而本家儿句的动作与此刻或此刻正在发生的事实不符。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 若是我在黉舍进修吃苦的话，我此刻也会使工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 若是他们通知过我们的话，我们此刻就不会来这里了。

②从句的动作与此刻事实相反，而本家儿句的动作与曩昔事实不符。如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 若是他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去海说神聊京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 如果他熟悉她的话，他必定会去问候她了。

③从句的动作与曩昔发生的环境相反，而本家儿句的动作与此刻正在发生的环境相反。如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 若是天不下太多的雨的话，农户会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 如果他工作一向尽力的话，他此刻已进了办公室了。
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(3) 当虚拟前提句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 如果他承诺去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 若是她在这儿的话，她会赞成我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 若是她懂一些电脑常识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了
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(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设环境的前提，而须经由过程上下文或其他体例来判定。如：
I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看您了，然而我太忙了。
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮忙，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 如果没有您的指导，我不会取得如斯大的前进。
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(5) 有时，虚拟前提句中，本家儿、从句可以省略此中的一个，来暗示措辞人的一种强烈的豪情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完当作了。
You could have passed this exam. 您应该会经由过程此次测验了。

②省略本家儿句
If I were at home now. 如果我此刻在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 如果我获得它了该多好啊。
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二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气

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1. 目标状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 指导的目标状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词真相。而且 should 不克不及省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门查抄了一遍，以防响马的进入。

He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
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(2) 在 so that, in order that 所指导的目标状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词真相。如(from www.yygrammar.com)：
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近措辞的人以便能挺得更清晰。

He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很细心以便不漏失落一个单词。
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2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在 even if, even though 所指导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，本家儿句、从句的布局与 if 所指导的前提从句布局不异。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗活着也救不了他。
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(2) 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等指导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气布局为：
① may +动词真相(指此刻或未来)。如：
We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完当作。

We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。

I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的何等晚，我城市等他。

② may +完当作式(指曩昔) ，本家儿句布局不限。如：
You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管您取得了何等大的前进，您也不克不及骄傲(from www.yygrammar.com)。

We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必需尊敬他。
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(3) 在though, although等指导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气布局为 should +动词真相，本家儿句布局不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他仍是个勤学生。

Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必需遵守划定。
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3. 体例状语从句中的虚拟语气
as if, as though 指导的体例状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的布局为下图所示。
例如：
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们起头强烈热闹的谈论起来就仿佛他们已彼此熟悉好久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就仿佛有人要来了。
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4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气
amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的布局为：
① should + 真相动词(指此刻或未来)。如：
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，您竟然对他直呼其名。

I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊奇他竟答不出如斯简单的问题。
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② should + 完当作式, 指曩昔。如：
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，您此次测验竟然掉败了。

I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很受惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的工作
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