虚拟语气的用法如何归纳

虚拟语气主要用来表示假设，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。

操作方式

01
一、虚拟前提句的根基类型

(1) 与此刻事实相反：若与此刻事实相反，前提从句的谓语用曩昔式(be凡是用were)，本家儿句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词真相”。如：

If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们此刻就走的话，我们就会实时达到。

(2) 与曩昔事实相反：若与曩昔事实相反，前提从句的谓语用曩昔完当作时(had+曩昔分词)，本家儿句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+曩昔分词”。如：

If he had been in that train then, he might have been killed in that accident. 若是那时他也在那列火车上，他可能就死于那场车祸了。

(3) 与未来事实相反：若与未来事实相反，前提从句的谓语用曩昔式(be凡是用were)，本家儿句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词真相”。如：

If he went，would you go too? 若是他去，你也去吗？(大要他不会去)

If I asked him，I'm sure he'd help us. 若是我标的目的他提出要求，必定他会帮忙我们。(不外我不筹算这样做)
02
二、错综时候虚拟前提句

所谓错综时候虚拟前提句即前提从句与本家儿句所指时候纷歧致，如从句指曩昔，而本家儿句即指的是此刻或未来，此时应按照具体的语境环境，连系上面提到的三种根基类型对时态作响应的调整。如：

If you'd listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 若是你听了我的话，你此刻也不会有这样的麻烦了。

If you were in better health, we'd have let you go with us. 你如果身体好一点，我们就让你和我们一道去了。
03
三、含蓄虚拟前提句

所谓含蓄虚拟前提句即指将前提从句埋没在上下文必然的短语中的一类前提句。如：

Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人城市相信你的话了。

Without your help, I couldn't have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮忙，我不会取得这些当作就。

I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的，但我生病了。
04
四、if it weren't (wasn't) for与if it hadn't been for

这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”，与but for, without同义。如：

If it wasn't (weren't) for the children, we wouldn't have anything to talk about. 要不是因为孩子们，我们不会有什么可谈的。

If it hadn't been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨，我们本会获得一个大丰收的。

If it hadn't been for the doctor's care, I wouldn't have recovered so soon. 要不是大夫的赐顾帮衬，我不会痊愈得这么快。

注：一般说来，if it weren’t (wasn't) for 用于谈论此刻的环境，而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论曩昔的环境。但现实上if it weren’t (wasn’t) for有时也可用于谈论曩昔的环境。
05
五、利用虚拟语气的特别句式

(1) I wish…句式：要暗示与此刻事实相反的愿望，从句谓语一般曩昔时或曩昔进行时，暗示与曩昔相反的愿望，从句谓语用曩昔完当作时或would / could+have +曩昔分词，暗示未来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词真相。如：

I wish I was ten years younger. 我但愿年青10岁。

I wish I could speak your language. 但愿我能讲你们国度的话。

I wish I hadn't wasted so much money. 但愿我没华侈这么多钱。

(2) if only…句式：if only 与 I wish一样，也是暗示与事实相反的愿望的，厥后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的环境不异。如：

If only Tessa was here now. 如果特萨此刻在这儿就好了。

If only l knew the answer to your question. 我但愿知道你的问题的谜底。

(3) as if / as though…句式：以as if (as though)指导的体例状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若暗示与此刻事实相反，谓语动词用一般曩昔时；若暗示与曩昔事实相反，用曩昔完当作时；暗示未来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词真相。如：

I felt as if I was swimming. 我感觉仿佛在泅水似的。

At that time she acted as if I were her servant. 那时她的举止仿佛我是她的家丁。

(4) it's time…句式：从句谓语凡是用曩昔式暗示此刻或未来，有时也用曩昔进行时或“should+动词真相”(较少见，且should不克不及省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如：

It's time you washed those trousers. 你该洗洗那条裤子了。

I'm getting tired. It's time we went home. 我累了，我们该回家了。

注：time前有时有about和high润色：

It's high time we left. 我们早该解缆了。

(5) would rather…句式：凡是用一般曩昔时暗示此刻或未来的愿望，用曩昔完当作时表曩昔的愿望。如：

I would rather you came tomorrow. 我甘愿你明天来。

I would rather you didn’t mention the price. 我甘愿你别提代价。
06
六、利用虚拟语气的宾语从句

在暗示“对峙”“号令”“建议”“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这些动词本家儿要包罗insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask等，其虚拟语气格局为“should+动词真相”，此中的should在美国英语中可以省略。如：

The doctor advised that he change his job. 大夫劝他换工作。

The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探对峙要查看。

The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付条目。

Her uncle suggested that she (should) get a job in a bank. 她叔叔建议她在银行里找个工作。

注重：insist后接宾语从句时，有时用虚拟语气，有时用陈述语气，其区别是：若谓语动词所暗示的动作尚未发生，或尚未当作为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所暗示的动作已经发生，或已经当作为事实，则要用陈述语气。比力：

She insisted that I (should) stay for supper. 她必然要我留下吃晚饭。

He still insisted that he wasn’t there at the time. 他仍然对峙说他那时不在那儿。

与insist相似，suggest后接宾语从句时，也可用虚拟语气或陈述语气，其区别是：若谓语动词所暗示的环境尚未当作为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest凡是译为“建议”；若谓语动词所暗示的环境为既当作事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest凡是译为“表白”“认为”。比力：

He suggested that we (should) come another day. 他建议们改日再来。

His smile suggested that he was satisfied. 他的微笑表白他是对劲的。
07
七、利用虚拟语气的本家儿语从句

形容词important, impossible, necessary等后的本家儿语从句凡是用虚拟语气。如：

It's impossible that he (should) marry her. 他同她成婚是不成能的。

It's important that he (should) remember this. 他记住这一点很有需要。

注：在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised (sorry) 和I regret等布局后的that 从句中有时也用should，暗示措辞人的惊奇、懊悔、掉望等感情，常含有“竟然”之意。如：

It's strange that he should come so late. 他竟然来这么迟真是奇异。

这类句子若用陈述语气，则不带感色彩，比力下面两句：

I'm surprised that he should feel lonely. 我很惊奇他竟感应孤傲。

She was surprised that I knew all about it. 这事我全知道她感应诧异。
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发表于 2019-12-02 00:00
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分类：科学教育

虚拟语气的用法如何归纳

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